The status of Antarctic sea ice is more nebulous. Both are technically cold deserts, with very little precipitation. The distance between the two polar regions is 20,117 kms (12,500 mi). Arctic and Antarctic Mini Books Make your own mini Arctic and Antarctic book to record all that you are […] This prevents temperatures in the Arctic regions from reaching the extremes typical of the land surface of Antarctica. (NMNH Anthropology Collections/Smithsonian Institution), (Screenshot from Smithsonian Alaska Native Collections), poles are actually more different than you might expect, communities of native peoples have thrived, scientists and technicians at isolated research stations, mostly scientists and technicians engaged in research, hundreds of names for the different kinds of ice, BBC crew filmed a never-before-seen phenomenon, found that the ice crystals don’t go away, different species among the pods in Antarctica, or at least subspecies, warming at twice the rate of the rest of the planet, sea ice cover declined by about 20 percent, discovered that the ratio of thick to thin sea ice is changing, Northwest Passage connecting Europe to Asia, the Antarctic, which is governed in part by a multinational treaty, already losing their shells in the Antarctic, Arctic region is home to more than 4 million people, residents of Shishmaref are working with the U.S. Government to relocate, world's finest anthropological collections from arctic and sub-arctic regions, ice-scratcher used by hunters to lure seals. A recent report says the Arctic may be ice-free by 2040. Many different types of ice can be found in the Arctic and Antarctic. But researchers have also found that the ice crystals don’t go away during the warmer summer months—one of the implications of living below the ice. Use a craft knife, or scissors, to also cut along the darker-shaded line in the centre of the book. The Arctic is what above you when you take a glob. The sea-ice closer to land and attached to the shoreline is called fast ice (short for fastened). Among the hardiest of the polar creatures, the male emperor penguin is the only animal that remains throughout the winter on the Antarctic continent. This is because the earth is tilted at a 23.5 degree angle, and during the winter solstice, the northern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun, meaning that the Arctic Circle is completely tilted away from the Sun, at that time it experiences 24 hour nighttime, and vice versa for the Antarctic Circle. Among the biggest threats to the poles is rapid climate change. At both poles, tiny animals, called zooplankton, are near the base of the food chain. A view of McMurdo Station with a frozen Ross Sea in the background. Delen. That is Arctic is at the North pole and Antarctic at the South pole. Both the Arctic and the Antarctic are vast and remote, considered the last untamed wildernesses in the world. Affiliated to SOA, the Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Administration (CAA) is located in Beijing with about 40 permanent staff. • Antarctic region lies in South Pole opposite the Arctic region on North Pole. Makes you feel tired just thinking about it. The Arctic and Antarctic have kept our world in place for so long that it is our duty now to keep it that way. An ice-free Arctic could mean a new trade route—a Northwest Passage connecting Europe to Asia - bypassing both the Panama and Suez canals. But even they struggle to survive the winter. Many different types of ice can be found in the Arctic and Antarctic. More than 11,000 kilometers (6835 miles) separate the Arctic from the Southern Ocean. The sun-fed plankton are also important for the indigenous peoples of the Arctic who get food and clothing both from the sea (walrus, narwhals, beluga, other whales, polar bear, and fish) and the land (caribou, reindeer and musk-ox). This imaginary circle is the southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere where the sun can remain above or below the horizon for 24 hours (June 21st and December 21st). Our Ice and Snow Unit includes lessons on the Arctic, Antarctic, snow, polar bears and penguins. Sea ice used to provide protection from powerful ocean waves but now that sea ice is melting, the shoreline is eroding rapidly. Atmospheric carbon dioxide has been rising for more than a century, with large contributions from the fossil fuels used to power our homes, businesses, and cars. Polar bears live in the Arctic. Did you know that arctic means "bear" and antacrtic means "no bear"? Key Difference: The most obvious difference between Antarctic and Arctic is that Antarctic is located in the southern hemisphere and encompasses the South Pole region, whereas Arctic is located in the northern hemisphere and encompasses the North Pole region. Females, young, and immature males live together and adult males live in their own pods. Pack ice is also referred to as drift ice because it is not attached to a shoreline and can be moved by the wind and ocean currents. To do so, pools of expertise need to be drawn together. Arctic Cod are critical players in the Arctic food web. The temperatures are so extreme that no animal can survive except for the cutest of them all, the penguin. Tree-ring-like layers in glacial ice can show how much melt has occurred or how much dust has fallen from year to year. Early Eskimos, known as Groswater Dorset, occupied the Gulf of St. Lawrence about 2,500 years ago. They can also use their tusks to break through the ice to create breathing holes. At least 235 types of cold-loving creatures thrive in both Arctic and Antarctic seas, puzzling scientists about how they got to both ends of the earth, a study showed on Sunday. In the Antarctic, the only human residents are scientists and technicians at isolated research stations whose food must be shipped in by boat. But, overall the land- and fresh-water based ice continues to shrink. Both the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean are defined by ice and dramatic shifts between endless day and endless night. When uneaten organisms die, they sink to the seafloor, feeding fish, seastars, soft corals, and other organisms in deeper water. Male narwhals will sometimes cross their tusks, a behavior called "tusking". We are going to plan a trip to … COVID-19. Esther lives in the Alaskan coastal village of Shishmaref. Antarctica is isolated from the rest of the continents by the Circumpolar Current, which swirls clockwise around the landmass. Contrasts between Antarctic and Arctic ozone depletion Susan Solomon*†, Robert W. Portmann*, and David W. J. Thompson‡ *Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, CO 80305; and ‡Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523 Remember me. Without sea ice, hunting has become significantly harder. Remember these other important points around booking: Search engines and booking sites can be a convenient way to find flight deals. Make notes to remember what you have learned. A thick layer of blubber keeps walruses warm in the Arctic. This dense, salty water sinks and travels towards warmer tropical waters along the seafloor, forming part of the ocean’s great circulating “conveyer belt”. One of the biggest differences between the poles has to do with people that reside there. Some animals make fantastically long migrations, moving from the Arctic to the Antarctic and back again every year, living an endless polar summer. Antarctica is the coldest, driest, and windiest of Earth's seven continents, and 98 percent of the continent is covered by ice with no tundra, trees or bushes. September is the month with the smallest amount of Arctic sea ice, called the “sea ice minimum.” Scientists compare annual September Arctic sea ice measurements to learn about the rate of decline. 2 Fierce snow storms are called _____. We all know that we are sandwiched between two extremely cold regions in the north and in the south. Emperors are the largest of all penguins—about half the height of adult humans. Over the years, vast amounts of data have been collected about the Arctic and Antarctic ice. Aviaja Lyberth Hauptmann (Photo provided by Aviaja Lyberth Hauptmann) My name is Aviaja Lyberth Hauptmann. Diving is one of the narwhal’s special talents. Second, remember that the Arctic is really a frozen ocean. The Arctic refers to the area around the … A female walrus and her calf (, (The Wales Inupiaq Sea Ice Dictionary, courtesy of Igor Krupnik (NMNH)). The Southern Ocean has also become a draw for ecotourists who seek to visit places where humans are far outnumbered by penguins. Both poles carry some similarities but they are not at all the same. the lecture describes about arctic and Antarctic. This “brinicle,” as it is called, eventually reaches the sea floor where it covers the animals living there (like sea stars and urchins) in a layer of deadly ice. The planet’s polar regions, the Arctic and Antarctic, are both remarkably cold, which may explain why people often get them confused. Meanwhile, the southern polar region has the opposite geography, with the huge landmass of Antarctica surrounded by the turbulent Southern Ocean. Arctic and Antarctic. finding out all the places and not just the more immediately interesting ones such as the South Pole, islands, mountains and other features) and scientific investigation of Antarctica properly began with the International Geophysical Year (IGY) from July 1st 1957 to December 31st 1958. Crabs that have stayed out of Antarctic waters for millions of years because of the cold may invade and prey on animals that have no defense against their strong claws. melting is expected on Arctic glaciers and the Greenland ice sheet, and they will retreat and thin close to their margins. You find penguins in the Antarctic but not in the arctic. The Iñupiaq developed sophisticated survival skills for understanding animal migrations, weather patterns, ocean currents, and more. Industrial fishing, started in 1996 by New Zealand and now practiced by a dozen nations, is homing in on Antarctic toothfish and krill in the Ross Sea. You could do that if you were a polar bear. Cut around the outside of the book. The Arctic Circle is around 5.4 million square miles in size. In keeping with this mandate, the Arctic Studies Center specifically studies northern peoples, exploring history, archaeology, social change and human lifestyles across the circumpolar world. Then a film of ice forms, called grease ice, named for its close resemblance to the look of an oil slick on water. This is in reference to the constellation, but it also applied to where polar bears live to make that easy to remember! What keeps this marine ecosystem going are organisms you can't see with the naked eye: microscopic phytoplankton and ice algae. The Arctic and the Antarctic regions, however, are very different, with separate geopolitical and strategic considerations. It is an Ocean entirely surrounded by land. Unlike the Arctic, there are no indigenous communities based in Antarctica. But the Arctic region is home to more than 4 million people, many of which are indigenous people, native to the area. Imagine it being 40 degrees below zero (Fahrenheit and Celsius are equal at this temperature!) Scientists are just beginning to understand who eats whom in the polar oceans. From the first days of polar navigation in the Russian Far North to the modern-day research stations in Antarctica, the breathtaking achievements of scientists and travelers are covered in great detail and illustrated with authentic artifacts. They are also excellent at conserving oxygen—their muscles are built to minimize oxygen use and simultaneously can carry large amounts of oxygen. The Plants of Antarctica. In the winter narwhals live offshore among the ice floes, but in the summer, when the ice melts, they migrate towards the shore and congregate in summering grounds. Due to the fact that the Arctic is actually a frozen ocean, if you want to trek to the North Pole then you’d have to attempt it in the winter months. Penguins live in the Antarctic. Both the Arctic and the Antarctic are vast and remote, considered the last untamed wildernesses in the world. But in general, the knowledge we have on the Antarctic is very limited. Famous Igloo is one such example. Antarctica, on the other hand, is a continent, covered by a very thick ice cap and surrounded by a rim of sea ice and the Southern Ocean. Arctic Cod can live in water that is cooler than the freezing point of blood. In the absence of hemoglobin the gills of ice fish appear white. How They’re Different. Productbeschrijving. The Arctic and Antarctic may be polar opposites, but in one sense they are connected despite being thousands of kilometres apart. When choosing polar destinations, Antarctica is often top of mind for many people but the Arctic offers distinct and incredible travel experiences. Engels Hardcover 9780531101377 februari 1988 Alle productspecificaties. Amidst the penguins and the seals, researchers look at everything from ecosystems underwater to ozone holes in the atmosphere. Extremely cold temperatures, little sunlight and moisture, poor soil quality, and a short growing period have deterred most species of flora from successfully growing in this barren ecosystem. Your email address will not be published. The primary difference between the Arctic and Antarctica is geographical. I love reading about Arctic/Antarctic exploration. The winter in the North Pole usually reaches up to around -40 degrees census. Since 1955, scientists have been coming to McMurdo primarily in the southern 'summer' months of October to February. Why it’s so amazing- cold weather adaptations It might not seem super special, but that fact that dinosaurs have been found in areas that used to have an Arctic-like climate is actually pretty ground-breaking. If you were to stand at either pole, the view would be superficially very similar, there would be a great expanse of flat (ish) white snow and ice as far as the eye can see with few or no other features to break up the vista. Unlike the north, it is a continent entirely surrounded by the ocean. (E. Siddon, UAF, Hidden Ocean 2005, NOAA). Unlike the Arctic, this is a massive land with 98% made up of ice. While all males have a tusk, only 15 percent of females have a tusk, leading scientists to believe it has a role in sexual selection. Arriving at Arctic Watch Wilderness Lodge via charter flight from Yellowknife. For people who live in the Arctic, weather and hunting grounds are becoming more unpredictable. Arctic Tern. Three distinct types of killer whale can be found in the Antarctic, each with a different habitat and diet preference. Even though both South and North Poles have very little life in them, they play a very vital role in maintaining balance in our planet. The Antarctic or the south-pole is what is below you. The ice has trapped bubbles, salts, and sediments that can help tell the story of how the climate has changed. They eat small crustaceans, such as amphipods and copepods. Sea ice forms during the winter, more than doubling the size of the Antarctic continent, and then melts in the spring and summer. On the adjacent land, communities of native peoples have thrived for thousands of years by adapting to life along the edge of the ice. The collection at the Smithsonian preserves thousands of artifacts from the Iñupiaq culture, including parkas made from caribou, a mask worn by a woman dancer, and an ice-scratcher used by hunters to lure seals. Large animals, like penguins, whales, and seals all feast on the krill. So scientists thought only a few species would live in both places until researchers taking part in the Census of Marine Life found over 200 species that appeared to live in both polar seas, including cold-water worms, crustaceans, sea cucumbers and pteropod snails. In the Southern Ocean, Antarctic krill swim in dense schools of 20,000 animals per cubic yard (540,000 cubic feet). This is crucial not only from an ownership perspective, but also helps explain why and how the regions differ in their climate, geography and native species. The name arctic is originally originated from the Greek name, Arktikos meaning “of the north.Similarly, the Antarctic was named after Anrktikos meaning “opposite of the north”.But there are much easier ways to remember this than this Greek, literally. The name arctic is originally originated from the Greek name, Arktikos meaning “of the north. Arctic and Antarctic ice loss will account for about one-fifth of the warming that is projected to happen in the tropics, according to a new study led by Mark England, a … During the deepest dives, a narwhal can shut off oxygen flow to unessential organs and instead divert it to where it is needed most. If you want to get beyond fiction/nonfiction, there is an amazing book of poetry by Elizabeth Bradfield called Approaching the Ice. The blooms of algae and phytoplankton feed zooplankton and larger predators, which are themselves in turn eaten, and so on up the food chain. Orcas stay put in their distinctive ecosystems, and there are different characteristics of the groups (or pods) in various locations. Glaciers, icebergs and ice sheets are all formed from glacial ice. Our team reached out to various academic, military, political, and NGO leaders to curate a collection of short responses to the question: What are the key challenges posed […] Recent studies in the Ross Sea suggest the loud vocalizations may be used to stun prey. Project 6633 generates new knowledge centered on Arctic and Antarctic security for the profession of arms. Both male and female walruses have strong long tusks that they use to help pull themselves out of the water. From this thin layer, the ice becomes thicker and stronger, forming pack ice. Land is being lost, along with animals that provide food for the people living in the Arctic. Right now, we see some human movement in the south but that is purely among the research facilities set up there. it also provides the information about different aspects like living isolation, empty location and arctic feasible , north pole etc. Not only because it’s freezing cold. massive region at the top of the world consisting of everything north of the Arctic Circle This current pulls up cold, nutrient-rich waters from the deep sea to the surface, a process known as upwelling. They float with most of their mass below the water, hence the expression “tip of the iceberg”. The Antarctic or the south-pole is what is below you. These increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are trapping heat and taking a toll on the planet, especially at the poles where the largest increases in temperature will occur. The earliest chapters in Antarctica’s rather fragmentary record extend far back, perhaps as much as 3 billion years, into early Precambrian time. Antarctica is a continent devoid of human settlement, except for the over 50 research stations built there by 27 different countries. Schrijf een review. From giant glaciers to thin pack ice, each has distinctive characteristics, and those who have spent time in the Poles, from native people to sailors, have hundreds of names for the different kinds of ice. Although both are icy and frigid, the poles are actually more different than you might expect. Russia has already staked a claim, using submarines to plant a flag on the Arctic Ocean floor. They eat the photosynthesizing phytoplankton and in turn are food for fish, seabirds and marine mammals. When salt water becomes ice, some of the salt is left behind in the water, making the water directly below sea ice saltier and denser than most seawater. There is a large amount of variability in climate across the Arctic, but all regions experience extremes of solar radiation in both summer and winter. Unicorns may be creatures of the imagination, but narwhals are the real deal. Depending on the season, much or all of the Arctic Ocean is covered by a layer of sea ice, ranging in thickness from a few inches to over six feet, which is always shifting as it floats on the ocean's surface. The famous tusk is actually a specialized tooth that protrudes out of the left lip, and in rare cases, a narwhal can have two. Global temperatures have increased since the 1800s, and sea ice has been decreasing in extent and thickness. But to get on to the North Pole will need a boat. Because of these massive changes, the whole Arctic Ocean ecosystem will see impacts, from microscopic algae to massive polar bears to the people who call the Arctic home. You think it must be snowing all the time since it is soo cold. If you go exactly to the top most point of the arctic, whatever the direction you look at, it will always be south for you. 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